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A Floral Survey of Cliff Habitats along Bull Run: Manassas National Battlefield Park. In an area of increasing development, Manassas National Battlefield Park contains some of the highest quality natural communities in the region and supports at least 706 plant species and 10 broad habitat types. However, previous floral surveys did not include the bluffs along Bull Run, and they recommended that the bluffs be thoroughly surveyed due to the occurrence of locally rare species and the refuge provided by the steep terrain from excessive deer browsing. Variations in soil, topography, and exposure can create microclimates that support a suite of species that is atypical of the surrounding landscape. Therefore, a floral survey of the cliffs was prioritized via the National Resource Preservation Program, and in 2014, a floral survey of the 11 cliffs in the park by the U.S. Geological Survey recorded 282 species in 194 genera and 83 families, including 23 newly documented species for the park.

Building an Invasive Plant Water List: Prioritizing treatment of invasive plants improves the efficiency of an invasive plant program. One prioritization tool is a watch list; such a list contains species that are not yet known to occur in the target area but have the potential to occur. My objective was to identify priority species for a regional early detection watch list for NCR. First, I used the EDDMapS database of plant occurrences to identify non-native plants reported within 150 miles of DC. Second, I sorted the list to include only species not reported by park staff to be invasive in park natural areas. Third, the resulting 97 candidate species were classified using NatureServe’s Invasive Species Assessment Protocol (ISAP). The ISAP includes questions about ecological impact, current distribution, trend in distribution, and management difficulty. Each category contributes to an overall ranking. Removing these populations will protect natural areas and reduce management costs in future years.

Camera Trap Survey to Assess Whitetail Deer Population: Many protected areas in the eastern US struggle with the issue of deer overabundance due to the lack of authorized hunting and the absence of natural predators such as wolves and mountain lions. Subsequent prob lems arise including habitat degradation, poor herd health, and increased negative human-wildlife interactions such as car accidents. Catoctin Mountain Park completed a deer management plan in 2009 incorporating a direct reduction strategy to resolve the white-tailed deer overabundance issue and have since seen positive results. Each year the population is monitored using spotlight surveys and Program Distance. In 2015, we implemented an additional eight week long, un-baited camera trap survey. Thirty-nine cameras (1/149acres) operated from mid-July through mid- September. Findings indicated that the park’s deer population was approximately 21 deer/mi2. We plan to compare these results with those provided by Program Distance to determine if this method of population monitoring will be considered in future years.

Japanese-American Veterans Association Oral History Project: National Capital Region, Communications and Anthropology Programs. The Japanese American Veterans Association Oral History Project was initiated by the National Capital Regional Office’s Communication Department. The project’s goal was to record the oral histories of a group of Japanese Americans who were interned during WWII at sites that are now NPS units. These videos allow those who witnessed history tell their story of loyalty in the face of discrimination. This poster will include videos of the interviews.

Partnership at Work: Maximizing the use of volunteers for the removal of barbarized invasive English Ivy vine at Rock Creek Park: Non-native invasive plan species are one of the biggest threats to the environmental health of parks. With more than 80 miles of boundary, ROCR is especially threatened by these species, which spread into the park from lands ape areas and through illegal dumping of plant materials. The park and its partners have undertaken different projects to remove invasive plants from the park utilizing volunteers as the main workforce. In 2012, ROCR and the Rock Creek Conservancy started the removal of barbarized English Ivy from mature trees within ROCR. During 2015, volunteers donated 1313 hours of work to ROCR and 2115 mature trees were saved. The results of this and other projects demonstrate that partnerships and the use of volunteer-based work contribute significantly to invasive plant species removal programs in parks.

The First Volunteer Paleontological Monitoring Program in the National Park Service: Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park. In the summer of 2014, CHOH began a new volunteer monitoring program, the Paleo-Protectors. Recruited from a base of experienced and trusted park volunteers, the Paleo-Protectors monitor several of the many important paleontological localities with in the park. The program is similar to the Sites Stewards Program, which monitors sensitive archeological resources; however, this is the first program within NPS specifically for monitoring paleontological resources. Volunteers visit their sites at least once a year and monitor for erosion, fossil abundance, and possible fossil poaching, as well as other relevant data. Beginning in 2009, the National Capital Region partnered with the Geologic Resource Division to build paleontological resource inventories within the region. Since then four visiting paleontologists through GeoCorps America have helped in this effort which produced the Paleo- Protectors program: Erica Clites, Katie Loughney, Ivan Carabajal, and Liz Keily.

Bats, White-nose Syndrome, and the Western Maryland Railroad Tunnels: Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park. White-nose Syndrome (WNS), Pseudogymnoascus destructans, is a fungal disease the affects the skin of hibernating bats and has a high mortality rate. WNS has been found in caves in Maryland’s three western-most counties. The three abandoned railroad tunnels along the Western Maryland Railroad are the only known bat hibernacula that show no signs of WNS and these fall within C&O Canal’s boundaries. C&O Canal is an important bat habitat since it is a forested area along the Potomac River and nine different species of bat have been recorded in the park. The fact that the only three hibernacula free of WNS fall within its boundaries calls for the tunnels to protected from any unnecessary disturbance. Currently, one tunnel is gated and construction on another will start in 2016. C&O Canal and MD DNR are partnering to continue studies of the tunnels and monitoring the status of WNS with in them.

Mapping Potential Wetland Habitat throughout the C&O Canal National Historic Park: Using remote sensing and GIS-based data. Methods of wetland identification are advancing from remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to assist in land management decisions. We developed a map that consisted of a multi- layered wetland ranking system to identify areas of potential wetlands on a large scale. The map was constructed from wetland predictors National Land Cover Database (NLCD), Vegetation Community data (from National Park Service/NatureServe), slope percentage, and soil. The ranking system’s potential wetland scores were ground-truthed with wetland delineation procedures inside NPS’ C&O Canal National Historical Park. Vegetation community data were the strongest predictor for wetland identification followed by NLCD. Slope and soil were not strong predictors of wetlands but still considered potentially useful ancillary data. This research indicates the strength in identifying potential wetlands based on NPS’s vegetation community data. Future studies of more comprehensive models that include ancillary data may offer expansion of the ranking system to other parks.

Connect the Connecticut - Fact Sheet: High-level overview of the landscape conservation design project. May 2016.

Next Generation DNA Sequencing of Prey Species in Coyote Scat: From Prince William Forest Park & Manassas National Battlefield Park. Fecal (scat) analyses can be used to investigate a predator’s diet. Recent studies have used Next-Generation DNA sequencing to identify the prey species present in the feces of predators. Such an approach is used in this study to determine the diet of coyotes (Canis latrans) living in two areas that are geographically close yet distinct in terms of landscape & human impact. Scat samples from Prince William Forest Park, a largely forested area with relatively low disturbance & Manassas National Battlefield Park, characterized by many open fields & much human impact, were collected. Next-Generation sequencing of a variable mitochondrial DNA region was used to identify the prey species present in the scat samples & the data were compared between the two NCR parks. These data were also compared to ones obtained via a traditional, visual approach to fecal analysis to contrast both methods in their effectiveness of identifying prey species.

Connect the Connecticut Report: Connect the Connecticut Report - report summarizing the process and results of the project. May 2016.

Partnering for Climate Change Communication in the National Capital Region: The Climate Change Communication Intern Program. In 2012, the Urban Ecology Research Learning Alliance in the National Capital Region and the Center for Climate Change Communication (4C) formed a partnership to communicate about local climate change impacts on natural and cultural resources. The partnership supports NCR parks in telling their climate change stories. The internship involves eight interdisciplinary undergraduate and graduate interns. NPS and 4C mentors work with interns to develop outreach and education products, which leverage traditional and emerging communication modes. Products have addressed communication needs, structured web resources, and connected visitor experiences with park-specific climate change impacts. Interns have developed wayside content, webpages, social media posts, videos, infographics, and interpretive tools. We have evaluated materials informally and formally through presentations to park staff and surveys in NCR. We see this program’s success as a model for other regions, agencies, and NGO’s as a method to start discussions with stakeholders about localized climate impacts.

Human Dimensions Workspace

Varner, Alex

Applying LCC Tools to Issues Impacting the Keystone State: Pennsylvania is a landscape filled with abundant forests and wildlife, thousands of miles of rivers and streams, and home to a productive energy industry that includes the emergence of natural gas and alternative energy sources. Natural resource agencies and conservation organizations increasingly see the value for proactive science and tools that help inform decisions both locally and regionally in order to best protect and conserve the lands, waters, and wildlife of the state while harnessing resources that benefit society and the economy.