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TVA 1981.pdf
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TRB Library
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TUD-VAN
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TVA 1993.pdf
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TUD-VAN
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Two Modes of North American Drought from Instrumental and Paleoclimatic Data*
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Droughts, which occur as a part of natural climate variability, are expected to increase in frequency and/or severity with global climate change. An improved understanding of droughts and their association with atmospheric circulation will add to the knowledge about the controls on drought, and the ways in which changes in climate may impact droughts. In this study, 1) major drought patterns across the United States have been defined, 2) the robustness of these patterns over time using tree-ring-based drought reconstructions have been evaluated, and 3) the drought patterns with respect to global atmospheric pressure patterns have been assessed. From this simple assessment, it is suggested that there are two major drought patterns across North America, which together account for about 30% of the total variance in drought patterns—one resembles the classic ENSO teleconnection, and the other displays an east–west drought dipole. The same two patterns are evident in the instrumental data and the reconstructed drought data for two different periods, 1404–2003 and 900–1350. The 500-mb circulation patterns associated with the two drought patterns suggest that the controls on drought may come from both Northern Hemisphere and tropical sources. The two drought patterns, and presumably their associated circulation patterns, vary in strength over time, indicating the combined effects of the two patterns on droughts over the past millennium.
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U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development (RD) Area Director Nivory Gordon, Jr. and His father Nivory Gordon Sr
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U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development (RD) Area Director Nivory Gordon, Jr. and His father Nivory Gordon Sr. (USDA Photo by Preston Keres)
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E&I Site Images
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U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Redlands District Conservationist Tomas Aguilar-Campos and HdV Co-Founder and Executive Director Maria Alonso.
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U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Redlands District Conservationist Tomas Aguilar-Campos and HdV Co-Founder and Executive Director Maria Alonso. (USDA Photo by Lance Cheung)
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U.S. Department of Defense
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The Department of Defense provides the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation’s security.
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U.S. Endowment for Forestry and Communities
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The Endowment is committed to keeping working forests as forests and advancing family-wage jobs in forest-rich rural communities. Through strategic and deliberate investment, the Endowment supports research and development in traditional forest product markets, ensuring that forests and forest-based economies grow and thrive.
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U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Partners for Wildlife Program
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The Partners for Fish and Wildlife Act authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to provide technical and financial assistance to private landowners to restore, enhance, and manage private land to improve fish and wildlife habitats through the Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program.
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U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Gopher Tortoise
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The gopher tortoise is a large burrowing tortoise that occurs in upland pine forests of the southeastern United States. The gopher tortoise is one of five tortoise species native to North America and the only tortoise species east of the Mississippi River. The sex of individual tortoises can usually be determined by shell dimensions. A male tortoise has a greater degree of lower shell concavity, and a longer gular projection. However, the sex of tortoises at maturity size is difficult to determine (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1990).
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Projects
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U.S. Forest Carbon and Climate Change Controversies and Win-Win Policy Approaches
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As consensus grows about the serious impacts of global climate change, the role of
forests in carbon storage is increasingly recognized. Terrestrial vegetation worldwide
currently removes about 24 percent of the greenhouse gases released by industrial
processes. Unfortunately, this contribution is approximately cancelled out by carbon
released as a result of global deforestation and other ecosystem changes. Slowing or
halting the rate of deforestation is thus one of the prime strategies to mitigate global
climate change.
The U.S. situation differs from the global one in several ways. Since both forest acres
and average biomass per forest acre are currently increasing, as U.S. forests recover
from past clearing or heavy harvest, our forest carbon stores are growing larger over
time. However, our high rate of industrial emissions means that only about 10 percent
of the carbon released from burning fossil fuels in the United States is captured by our
forests. Moreover, net U.S. forest carbon sequestration has begun to slow in recent
years as reforestation reaches its limits and development sprawls into more rural forested
areas. U.S. forests could possibly capture a much higher portion of our industrial
emissions, but only if we prevent forest conversion and development and manage our
forests to maximize carbon stores.
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