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Thinking Big: Linking Rivers to Landscapes
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Exploring relationships between
landscape characteristics and rivers is
an emerging field of study, bolstered
by the proliferation of satellite data,
advances in statistical analysis,
and increased emphasis on largescale
monitoring. Climate patterns
and landscape features such as road
networks, underlying geology, and
human developments determine the
characteristics of the rivers flowing
through them. A multiagency team of
scientists developed novel modeling
methods to link these landscape features
to instream habitat and to abundance of
coho salmon in Oregon coastal streams.
This is the first comprehensive analysis
of landscape-scale data collected as
part of the state’s Oregon Plan for
Salmon and Watersheds.
The research team found that watershed
characteristics and human activities
far from the river’s edge influence
the distribution and habitats of coho
salmon. Although large-scale landscape
characteristics can predict stream
reaches that might support greater
numbers of coho salmon, smaller
scale features and random chance
also play a role in whether coho
spawn in a particular stream and in a
particular year. The team developed
new models that successfully predicted
the distribution of instream habitat
features. Volume of instream wood
and pool frequency were the features
most influenced by human activities.
Studying these relationships can help
guide large-scale monitoring and
management of aquatic resources.
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Thinking Long Term
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Thousand-year records of animal population patterns and climate yield insights into the impacts of environmental change.
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Third Thursday Web Forum: Updates and applications of USGS Gap Analysis Project data
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“Updates and applications of USGS Gap Analysis Project data” with Nathan Tarr, Research Associate at the Biodiversity and Spatial Information Center within the North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
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Thoma Field Study.pdf
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Thomas Scott 1965.pdf
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Thompson 1973.pdf
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Thorp 1992.pdf
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Thorp Bergey 1981.pdf
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Thorsen et al 2004.pdf
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Three decades of multi-dimensional change in global leaf phenology
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We show that the phenology of vegetation activity changed severely (by more than 2 standard deviations in one or more dimensions of phe- nological change) on 54% of the global land surface between 1981 and 2012. Our analysis confirms previously detected changes in the boreal and northern temperate regions6–8. The adverse consequences of these northern phenological shifts for land-surface–climate feedbacks1 , ecosystems4 and species3 are well known. Our study reveals equally severe phenological changes in the southern hemisphere, where consequences for the energy budget and the likelihood of phenological mismatches are unknown. Our analysis provides a sensitive and direct measurement of ecosystem functioning, making it useful both for monitoring change and for testing the reliability of early warning signals of change14.
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